The small letters are very well made to conform with the genuinely antique capitals by emphasis on long straight strokes and fine serifs and to harmonise in curvature with them. De Aetna was decisive in shaping the printers' alphabet. A View of Early Typography up to about 1600 (Second ion (2002) ed.). "Unusual fifteenth-century fonts: part 2". "Unusual fifteenth-century fonts: part 1". "Aldine: the intellectuals begin their assault on font design". In Italy, major printers replaced the older, noble but worn Italian characters and their imitations from Basle. : Its outstanding design became standard for Roman type in the two centuries to follow.From the 1540s onwards French Romans and Italics had begun to infiltrate, probably by way of Lyons, the typography of the neighbouring countries. Selected papers on sixteenth-century typefaces. The palaeotypography of the French Renaissance. "Stanley Morison's Aldine Hypothesis Revisited".
The name roman is customarily applied uncapitalized distinguishing early Italian typefaces of the Renaissance period and most subsequent upright types based on them, in contrast to Roman letters dating from classical antiquity. Popular roman typefaces include Bembo, Baskerville, Caslon, Jenson, Times New Roman and Garamond. Printers and typefounders such as Nicolas Jenson and Aldus Manutius in Venice and later Robert Estienne in France codified the modern characteristics of Roman type, for instance an 'h' with a nearly straight right leg, serifs on the outside of the capital 'M' and 'N', and 'e' with level cross stroke, by the 1530s. Today, roman and italic type are mixed, and most typefaces are composed of an upright roman style with an associated italic or oblique style.Įarly roman typefaces show a variety of designs, for instance resembling what would now be considered blackletter. ĭuring the early Renaissance, roman (in the form of Antiqua) and italic type were used separately. Roman type was modelled from a European scribal manuscript style of the 15th century, based on the pairing of inscriptional capitals used in ancient Rome with Carolingian minuscules developed in the Holy Roman Empire. In Latin script typography, roman is one of the three main kinds of historical type, alongside blackletter and italic. Bembo is a roman typeface (shown with italic) dating to 1928 based on punches cut by Francesco Griffo in 1495.
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